Create and Stick With Your Budget

1. You spend too much on housing.

Housing costs, of course, start with rent or a mortgage but also may include property taxes, utilities, insurance, repairs and maintenance. Housing costs normally constitute the largest component of your spending, so it’s imperative to keep them as low as possible.

So how can you reduce housing costs? The solution is to downsize, find less expensive housing or share housing with family members or friends. If those aren’t viable options, here are some other ideas:

• Reduce utility spending. 1) Lower the thermostat in the winter a few degrees and raise the thermostat a few degrees in the summer. There are thermostats that you can program to increase or decrease the temperature during certain hours. 2) Cut your water usage: Take shorter showers and do less outdoor watering; turn off the tap when you brush your teeth; wash only full loads of dishes and laundry; etc.
• Select a less expensive TV and internet package.
• Maintain the landscape yourself. Mow the lawn; prune the shrubs; be hands-on when flower beds need mulch.
• Protest your property taxes. You can fight city hall!
• Raise the deductible on your home insurance.
• Negotiate a lower rent with your landlord.

2.You spend too much on cars.

Like housing costs, spending on cars can eat up far too much monthly net income. New cars lose value as soon as they roll off the lot. So the smart strategy is to buy high-quality used vehicles to avoid losing the big bite of the initial depreciation. Forty-four percent of the rich in our contributor's study purchased used cars, typically a 2- or 3-year-old vehicle coming off a lease. And these wealthy individuals then kept their cars for a long time.

Yes, as a car ages, you’ll incur repair costs; those typically kick in at 125,000 miles. After this point, expect to cough up about $1,500 a year for repairs, which is still significantly less than the cost of a loan or a lease for a new car.

Be smart: Buy quality used cars and drive them until the wheels fall off. That’s what 94 percent of the self-made millionaires in our contributor's study did. It’s a good money habit.

3. You develop habits by association.

We pick up almost all of our habits from those in our environment: parents, teachers, family, friends, co-workers, neighbors, mentors, celebrities, coaches, etc. When it comes to money habits, this could be positive or negative. If you have less-than-stellar money habits, it’s likely that many of the individuals you associate with on a regular basis also have trouble managing money. Their bad spending and savings habits can rub off on you—a night out on the town with a friend can ring up an unexpected $300 expense, or a vacation can turn into a major debt.

Think long and hard about how your friends and the people you associate with daily (co-workers and family members, for instance) affect your spending and savings habits. After all, if you surround yourself with good spenders, you’ll likely become one, too.

If you want to adopt good money habits, associate with individuals who possess positive habits and pull back from those who don’t. If all of the close friends, relatives and role models in your life share your desire to live below their means, their good money habits are almost guaranteed to become your good money habits.

4. You rely on credit cards to finance your lifestyle.

When you spend everything you make, obviously you’re not saving. What’s worse, spending more than you make forces you into debt to maintain your standard of living. If you resort to the use of a credit card to meet your monthly living expenses, you are by definition living beyond your means. When you do this, you are essentially using future earnings to finance your current lifestyle.

So what do you do? Here are a few recommendations:

• Track 100 percent of your spending for one month. This will create awareness of what you spend on.
• After a month of tracking your spending, you can create a monthly budget. Set monthly goals or targets for each spending category in your budget, which will give you the ability to then compare what you actually spent during a given month for each category and then compare it to the goal to see whether you were on, over or under target for each expense.

5. You spend on a whim.

During the mid-1970s, a team of behavioral scientists, psychologists, health professionals and experts from other disciplines embarked on an ambitious study of more than 1,000 children born within the same one-year period in Dunedin, New Zealand. The researchers’ goal was to analyze each child’s self-control and determine, 30 years later, how the children were doing in life. They found that the kids who exhibited the greatest self-control grew up to become wealthier. Self-control emerged as the single greatest predictor of financial success from the study.

Spontaneous spending is driven by emotions and a lack of self-control. You’re worn out after 30 minutes of wheeling a cart around the store, something not on your list catches your eye at the checkout counter, and you suddenly buy an item that wasn’t on your shopping list. Stores capitalize on this self-control weakness. They have marketing experts who set up product placements in checkout lines to exploit the likelihood of impulse purchases.

So what do you do? Spontaneous spending is a subconscious act, so the remedy is awareness. Awareness turns on the conscious part of your mind, which can overpower your subconscious. When you are tuned into this marketing ploy, you’ll find it easier to stick to your list. That leads to a feeling of control over your spending. With repeated triumphs, you strengthen your self-control muscles so you’re less susceptible to retailers’ tactics for enticing you to spend more.

6.You gamble too much.

In our contributor's study, 77 percent of poor people gambled on the lottery every week, and 52 percent gambled on sports every week. The odds of winning the Powerball are 1 in 290 million. Bob Martin, the late manager of Las Vegas’s first casino sportsbook, was once quoted as saying the number of bettors who win betting pro football is so small that “it is virtually the same as if no one won.” According to Bet Labs, a sports bettor has only a 2.3 percent chance of winning 53.2 percent of bets on games.

Accumulating wealth is an ongoing process, not something that happens overnight. Save the money that you might ordinarily spend playing the lottery or gambling on sports. Slow and steady always wins the financial-fitness race.

7. You overspend on entertainment.

Spend no more than 10 percent of your monthly net income on entertainment. Entertainment includes vacations, hotels, recreational travel, restaurants, bars, movies, theater, toys, games, entertainment equipment such as TVs and speakers, etc. Most who struggle financially spend far more than 10 percent on entertainment. These individuals have a live-for-today mindset, which may sound appealing, but that mindset becomes tricky if you live a long life. Plan on living a long, financially secure life and reduce your entertainment spending today.

8. You don’t save.

The more you can save at an early age, the more wealth you’ll accumulate. Ninety-four percent of the self-made millionaires in our contributor's study developed the habit of saving 20 percent of their income during their pre-millionaire years.

Start with the Bucket System Savings Strategy.

First: Allocate savings into four buckets.

• Bucket 1: Retirement savings. This includes 401(k) plans, individual retirement accounts, and other retirement plans or retirement-specific products such as annuities.
• Bucket 2: Specific expenses. This includes a separate checking account, savings account, money market account or education savings account (for example, a 529 Plan) for major future expenses such as education costs for you or a child, wedding costs, expenses associated with the birth of a child, home down payment, and so on.
• Bucket 3: Unexpected expenses. This includes a separate checking account, savings account or money market account for expenses such as wedding gifts, medical costs, sudden loss of income (unemployment, medical issues or the birth of a child), major repairs (plumbing, air conditioning or auto, for instance) and the like.
• Bucket 4: Cyclical expenses. This includes a separate checking account, savings account or money market account for birthday gifts, holiday expenses, vacation costs, back-to-school costs, etc.

Second: Establish savings goals.

To make this bucket system work, you need to establish the overall amount of savings you will set aside each pay period. For example, let’s say you decide to save 20 percent of your net paycheck. You would then want to allocate this 20 percent into each bucket as follows:

• 10 percent (half of your overall savings) into Bucket 1 (retirement).
• 4 percent (20 percent of your overall savings) into Bucket 2 (specific expenses).
• 3 percent (15 percent of overall savings) into Bucket 3 (unexpected expenses).
• 3 percent into Bucket 4 (cyclical expenses).

Third and last: Automate the savings process.

This is where the rubber meets the road: implementation. Direct the above savings amounts into each bucket account via automatic withdrawal from your net pay. You will need to instruct your payroll company to automate the funding for each of the four bucket accounts.

If you want to be financially independent one day, you must make living below your means a habit. One way to do that is to force yourself to live within 80 to 90 percent of your monthly net income by automating the savings process. If you can’t set aside 10 to 20 percent of your monthly net pay, set aside something, even just 5 percent. The key is to get into the habit of saving. You can increase your savings down the road as your income rises.

9. You don’t track your spending.

Knowing where your money goes gives you control over your finances. You may find you are paying for things you don’t use—club memberships or subscriptions, for example. Also, many expenses can change over time.

If you’re not tracking what you spend, you’ll never know you can purchase something for less money. A good example of this is insurance. Insurance costs often change up or down over time. Make sure you pay the lowest insurance rates for homeowners, auto and life insurance. Internet and cable costs can increase or decrease without you being aware of it; calling your providers to secure the lowest fees available should be an annual process.

Periodically shop smartphone plans, too. Increased competition in the cellular industry is driving down monthly rates. Make sure you don’t pay more than necessary for your phone service—and all of your other recurring costs.

10. You don’t bargain-shop.

Make bargain-hunting a habit. Some of the wealthiest individuals in our contributor's study shopped at Goodwill stores. Looking for the best deals, clipping coupons, seeing movies during the early discount showings and shopping around for the lowest price will add up. Put the cost difference into your savings account.

1. Download and fill out a budget sheet. 

Check out the variety of FREE budget templates available on Mint.com. Depending on what phase of life you're in, you'll want to use a budget template that's catered to your situation. Whether you're a college student, parents with children in daycare, single-income households there is a budget template for your situation. Print out your last 3 months of bank statements and total up your spending.  

2. Take the scalpel to your spending.

As mentioned above, all spending adds up. Take some time to look at your spending habits and see if there are some ways that you can either cut back or cut out completely some of your expenditures. Instead of spending $100 a month eating out, cut it to $75 and put the rest into savings or investments.